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non-penetrating sensing



One noninvasive method that has been used to measure water content is
electromagnetic induction.  Geonics, Inc. in Canada sells three different
instruments (for $15,000+) that measure ground conductivity to different
depths.  The instruments generate a current in the ground without inserting
any probes.  The magnitude of the current is a measure of the ground
conductivity which depends on water content among other factors.  Jan
Hendrickx has written a 1995 paper on this:  Water Resources Research
31:2401-2409.

David E. Radcliffe
Crop and Soil Sciences Department
University of Georgia
Athens GA 30606
TEL 706 542 0897
FAX 706 542 0914
dradclif@uga.cc.uga.edu